Estimating the impacts of land use/land cover changes on Ecosystem Service Values: The case of the Andassa watershed in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia

Estimating the impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) changes in Ecosystem Service Values (ESV) is indispensable to provide public awareness about the status of ESV, and to help in policy-making processes. This study was intended to estimate the impacts of LULC changes on ESV in the Andassa watershed of the Upper Blue Nile basin over the last three decades (1985–2015), and to predict the ESV changes in 2045. The hybrid land use classification technique for classifying Landsat images, the Cellular-Automata Markov (CA-Markov) model for LULC prediction, and the modified ecosystem service value coefficients for estimating ESV were employed. Our findings revealed that there was a continues expansions of cultivated land and built-up area, and withdrawing of forest, shrubland and grassland during the 1985–2015 periods, which are expected to continue for the next three decades. Consequently, the total ESV of the watershed has declined from US$26.83 × 106 in 1985 to US$22.58 × 106 in 2000 and to US$21.00 × 106 in 2015 and is expected to further reduce to US$17.94 × 106 in 2030 and to US$15.25 × 106 in 2045. The impacts of LULC changes on the specific ecosystem services are also tremendous

Clinical competency and associated factors among undergraduate nursing students studying in universities of Southern regional state of Ethiopia, 2021

Background: Clinical practice is the means by which nursing students learn to apply the theory, facilitating integration of theoretical knowledge and practical skill in the clinical setting which becomes arts and science of profession. This correlation of theory and practice, and the building of meaningful experience, take place during clinical practice in the health care service. Even though, nursing students need to have clinical competency during practical setting, there were little available evidences regarding to their competency status in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess magnitude of clinical competency and its predictors among undergraduate nursing students studying in universities of Southern regional state of Ethiopia in 2021 G C. Methods: Multi-centered institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 414 undergraduate nursing students studying in eight universities of Southern regional state of Ethiopia in 2021 academic year. Systematic random sampling technique after proportional allocation to each selected university was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire by face to face interview after written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Data were cleaned, coded and entered into Epidata version 3.01 and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 26. Descriptive statistic for all variables and bi-variable and multi-variables logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with clinical competency was computed and expressed in odds ratio. The result was presented in the form of text, tables and figures and those variables with P-value of <0.05 in multivariable analysis were declared as statistically significant. Result: From 423 total calculated sample sizes, 414 of them were participated in this study giving a response rate of 97.8%. From those participants, 248 (59.9%) of them has clinical competency [95% CI: (55.18%, 64.62%)]. In multivariable analysis, studying in post basic program [AOR: 5.58], conducive clinical learning environment [AOR: 4.10], good staff-student interaction [AOR: 7.44], satisfaction [AOR: 20.66] and positive attitude towards clinical practice [AOR: 2.49] were factors significantly associated with clinical competency. Conclusion: In this study, the overall magnitude of clinical competency was found to be unsatisfactory (59.9%). Studying in private program, non-conducive clinical learning environment, poor staff-student interaction, low satisfaction and negative attitude towards clinical practice were identified as factors associated with clinical incompetency. Policy makers, universities and teaching health facilities need to work collaboratively to create nurses with clinical competency by focusing on proper screening to select candidates for studying in private program, creating conducive clinical learning environment, integrating students with clinical staffs to facilitate learning and positive attitude change of students towards their profession to increase level of satisfaction

Showing department among DMU SMCHS students on mental distress North West, Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 461).

Showing department among DMU SMCHS students on mental distress North West, Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 461).</p

Academic related characteristics of DMU SMCHS students on mental distress, North West, Ethiopia, 2021(N = 461).

Academic related characteristics of DMU SMCHS students on mental distress, North West, Ethiopia, 2021(N = 461).</p

Schematic presentation of sampling technique for mental distress and associated factors among SMCHS students at DMU, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021.

P = Pharmacy, M = Medicine, HI = health informatics, N = nursing, ML = Medical laboratory, P = Public health, E = enviromental health, N = nutrition, M = Midwifery, A = Anesthesia.</p

Showing magnitude of mental distress among DMU school SMCHS students on mental distress, North West, Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 461).

Showing magnitude of mental distress among DMU school SMCHS students on mental distress, North West, Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 461).</p

Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with mental distress those statically associated among DMU SMCHS students on mental distress, North West, Ethiopia, 2021(N = 461).

Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with mental distress those statically associated among DMU SMCHS students on mental distress, North West, Ethiopia, 2021(N = 461).</p

Substance use among DMU school SMCHS students on mental distress, North West, Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 461).

Substance use among DMU school SMCHS students on mental distress, North West, Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 461).</p

Showing social support level among DMU SMCHS students on mental distress North West, Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 461).

Showing social support level among DMU SMCHS students on mental distress North West, Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 461).</p

Socio demographic characteristics of DMU SMCHS students on mental distress, 2021 (N = 461).

Socio demographic characteristics of DMU SMCHS students on mental distress, 2021 (N = 461).</p